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[3]Onley, “Britain’s Native Agents.”

[4]Ptolemy, Sixth Map of Asia. 這幅地圖的16世紀版本仍然使用Cryptus Portus來表示馬斯喀特。

[5]Niebuhr, Travels through Arabia, 115-16.[6]Al Salimi, “Banians of Muscat,” 107.[7]Al Salimi, “Banians of Muscat,” 109.[8]Niebuhr, Travels through Arabia, 116.[9]Irfan, “Merchant Communities.”

[10]Allen, “Indian Merchant Community of Masqat.”[11]Risso, Merchants and Faith, 55-72.

[12]Alpers, Ivory and Slaves.

[13]Curtin, Cross-cultural Trade, 36.

[14]Farsi, Seyyid Said bin Sultan, 59-60.[15]Al Salimi and Jansen, Portugal in the Sea of Oman, 103；完整的條約，見157-61；里斯本的包怨，見222。又見Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino, Mo·ambique,Caixa 206, N.o 48//102 Mozambique, 22/02/1826。

[16]Fromherz, “Ibadism in World History.”[17]Beckert, Empire of Cotton.

[18]Eilts, Ahmad bin Na‘aman’s Mission.[19]Landen, Oman since 1856, 29-76.

[20]R. Burton, Zanzibar, vol. 2, 405-16.[21]Hopper, “Globalization of Dried Fruit.”[22]Mathew, Margins of the Market.

[23]Floor, Rise of the Gulf Arabs, xvii.[24]Nicolini, “History of Muscat and Zanzibar.”[25]Crouzet, “British Empire in India,” 867.[26]Crouzet, “British Empire in India,” 864.[27]Abdullah, Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder, 1-10.[28]Captain Francis Loch, quoted in Belgrave, Pirate Coast, 56.[29]Woodbridge, “Cessation of Plunder and Piracy.”[30]British Library: India Ofce Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/606.[31]Peszko, “Important Work.”

[32]Wilson, Persian Gulf, 263.

[33]J. Peterson, “Britain and the Gulf.”[34]Barakat, Bedouin Bureaucrats.

[35]Al-Sabah, Mubarak al-Sabah.

[36]Anscombe, “Ottoman Role in the Gulf,” 273.[37]Anscombe, “Ottoman Role in the Gulf,” 272.[38]瓦哈比派歷來自稱“認主獨一者”（Unitarians），昭示其恪守真主絕對獨一的单本信條。

[39]Al-Rasheed, History of Saudi Arabia, 13-35.[40]Curzon, Lord Curzon in India, 500.

[41]Curzon, Lord Curzon in India, 500-501.[42]Curzon, Persia and the Persian Question, 218.[43]Tacitus, Agricola, 30. [domain]. Accessed, March, 2024.[44]British Library, “Treaties and Engagements.”[45]Wilson, Persian Gulf, 224.

[46]各類議會委員會和調查集中研究了海灣地區、阿拉伯地區和印度洋地區的努隸制問題，留下了大量的信件和官方記錄。這些資料被整理成了九卷本的《阿拉伯努隸貿易》（Slave Trade into Arabia），由伯德特（Burdett）主編。

[47]Wilson, Persian Gulf, 224.

[48]Rosenthal, Pearl Hunter, 6.

[49]Hightower, “Pearls.”

[50]Bishara et al., “Economic Transformation of the Gulf,” 191.[51]Palgrave, Narrative of a Year’s Journey, 232.[52]Carter, “Pearling in the Persian Gulf,” 199.